Overview
This blog is about the asymmetric effects of food production, energy use, water supply, and sanitation development, population increase, industrial value addition, and natural resource depletion on sustainable development in Nigeria using the nonlinear autoregressive distributed lag (NARDL) model.
Key findings
- The study acknowledges that previous studies have yet to adequately theorize their investigations, especially concerning Nigeria.
- The study is limited to Nigeria and uses annual time series data from 1980 to 2020.
- The study does not discuss the limitations of the NARDL model or the data used in the analysis.
- The study is limited by using primary data and qualitative research involving physical meetings with farmers, households, industries, and people affected by poverty and hunger, particularly in rural settings. Instead, the study applied secondary data for the empirical research.
- The study suggests that further research is needed to address the gap overlooked by the extant literature in Nigeria.
- Future studies can extend the analysis to other countries and use more recent data to examine the nonlinear effects of FEWS on sustainable development.
- Future studies can build on this research by examining the asymmetric effects of other variables on sustainable development in Nigeria or other countries. Additionally, future studies can explore the use of other econometric models to analyze the relationships between the variables.
- Future studies should investigate the impact of ICT, food, energy, and the water nexus on SDGs. Micro qualitative series should address the gap in future investigations.
- The study’s findings can provide valuable insights for discussing the potential to achieve SDG targets in Nigeria, and can inform policymakers on strategies for ending hunger, poverty, and energy deficits as well as water shortages.
- The study’s findings can inform policy decisions related to food, energy, and water security sustainability and the implementation of Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) in Nigeria.
- The study has important implications for policy direction in Nigeria, highlighting the need to address the negative impacts of energy use and population growth on sustainable development. The results of the study can inform policy decisions aimed at promoting sustainable development in Nigeria.
- The study’s findings have practical implications for the economy from convergence to equilibrium for policy direction. The study recommends that authorities, stakeholders, and policymakers reform commercial projects and investments in agriculture, energy prices, and water supply development by shifting to renewable energy consumption by determining the best approach for each region of the country.
Food, Energy, And Water Security Sustainability
The world has experienced growth in output and population over time, leading to increased demand for agricultural commodities, biofuels, and water resources. This has significant implications for sustainable development, as countries strive to achieve sustainable land use, water, and food development.
The agricultural sector is the leading absorber of clean water resources, with up to 70% of overall water extraction, while 30% of the world’s energy consumption is employed in food supply chains.
In Nigeria, a sub-Saharan African country with a rapidly growing population, the economy is heavily reliant on oil exports, but the agricultural sector dominates approximately 70% of the population. The country faces significant challenges in achieving food, energy, and water sustainability, with a high population growth rate, undernourishment, and energy deficits.
This study investigates the effects of food, energy, and water security on sustainable development in Nigeria, using annual data from 1980 to 2020. The results reveal that positive changes in food, energy, and water security have a significant positive impact on sustainable development, while negative changes have substantial adverse effects.
The study recommends adopting innovative systems to manage available human and natural resources, increase value-added and renewable energy production, and restore equilibrium convergence to achieve the 2030 Sustainable Development Goals.
The study’s findings provide valuable insights for discussing the potential to achieve SDG targets in Nigeria, and its contributions originate from the Neo-Malthusian and access theories.
The study’s objective is to provide a foundation that uncovers the research on food, energy, and water security policymakers as strategies for ending hunger, poverty, and energy deficits, as well as water shortages
Sustainable Development And Food, Energy, And Water Security
The relationship between sustainable development and food, energy, and water security is crucial for the well-being of people, particularly in northern communities. The collapse of the societal pillar of a sustainable society is driven by COVID-19 and the inequality gap, which can lead to hunger and environmental degradation.
The Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) offer a chance to develop consistency across sustainable environmental management practices and economic development. The Environmental Kuznets Curve (EKC) suggests that economic growth initially exacerbates environmental deterioration and pollution, but after a certain level of economic development, society starts to improve its relationship with environmental quality.
Sustainable construction and the growth of innovative technology can reduce energy costs and increase savings, while also reducing CO2 emissions and saving nonrenewable resources. Access to resources such as land, water, and energy is critical for agricultural production and food security.
The Neo-Malthusian theory focuses on food supply and several scarcities resulting from increased resource depletion and consumption. The theory argues that population growth will outstrip the earth’s ability to provide for future consumption, leading to food insecurity and unsustainable livelihoods.
This study aims to investigate the impact of food production, energy use, water supply, sanitation development, population growth, industrial value addition, and natural resource depletion on sustainable food, energy, and water security in Nigeria. The study employs the nonlinear autoregressive distributive lag model (NARDL) to examine the asymmetric effects of these variables on sustainable development
Methodology And Results
The study employed the Non-Linear Autoregressive Distributed Lag (NARDL) model to examine the long-run and short-run asymmetries of the Food-Energy-Water-Sanitation (FEWS) nexus on sustainable development in Nigeria. The model was estimated using the bound test approach, which involves testing for the existence of a long-run relationship among the variables.
The results of the bound test indicate that a long-run cointegrating relationship exists among the variables, and the null hypothesis of no cointegration is rejected.
The study also found that the food production index (lnFPI) is critical to sustainable development, and a 1% increase in food production has a positive and significant impact on the Nigerian economy. However, it revealed that a 1% adverse change in energy use and carbon emissions negatively affects sustainable development targets by 3.3% and -10.54%, respectively.
Additionally, a 1% increase in water supply and sanitation development will significantly induce a 0.0236% positive change in achieving sustainable development in Nigeria. The study also found that a 1% increase in population has a significant negative impact on achieving sustainable development of 0.8%, and an increase in industrial value-added has a significant positive impact on sustainable economic growth.
However, depleting natural resources has yet to yield a significant positive impact on sustainable development objectives.
The error correction mechanism (ECM) was found to be statistically significant, indicating that the model is robust in sign and size for equilibrium convergence. The study concludes that the FEWS nexus is critical to achieving sustainable development in Nigeria, and policy interventions should focus on improving food production, energy use, water supply, and sanitation development, as well as addressing population growth and natural resource depletion.
Sustainable Development In Nigeria
To achieve sustainable development goals (SDGs) in Nigeria, the country needs to meet a 16.2% annual threshold. This can be achieved through value-addition production, effective water supply management, and productivity.
The study finds evidence of asymmetric cointegration among food production, energy consumption, water supply productivity, population growth, industrial value addition, and depletion of natural resources. The findings suggest that an increase in food production, energy use, water supply, and industrial value addition contributes to sustainable economic performance, while an increase in unproductive energy consumption, population growth, and resource depletion has negative implications.
The study concludes that Nigeria can meet the 2030 SDGs target by ensuring availability and access to food, energy, and water, and reducing hunger and poverty. The practical policy implications include investing in agriculture, energy, and water supply development, shifting to renewable energy consumption, and implementing an integrated technological innovation system.
The study recommends that authorities, stakeholders, and policymakers reform commercial projects and investments in these areas to promote sustainable development in Nigeria.